For example, if we try to insert into any English text the strings * groop,* greit, or * misanderstand, the spell checker will detect the error and stop at this string, highlighting it for the user. Detecting the errors that convert by accident one word into another existing word, such as English then ® ? than or Spanish cazar ® ? casar, supposes a task which requires much more powerful tools.Īfter such impossible string has been detected and highlighted by the program, the user can correct this string in any preferable way-manually or with the help of the program. It is supposed that most of the orthographic or typographic errors lead to strings that are impossible as separate words in this language. Such errors are called spelling errors.įirst, a spell checker merely detects the strings that are not correct words in a given natural language. On the other hand, some people do not know the correct spelling of some words, especially in a foreign language.
All such errors are called typos, or typographic errors. Additionally, when typing, one sometimes does not synchronize properly the movements of the hands and fingers. Even people well acquainted with the rules of language can, just by accident, press a wrong key on the keyboard (maybe adjacent to the correct one) or miss out a letter. The objective of spell checking is the detection and correction of typographic and orthographic errors in the text at the level of word occurrence considered out of its context. For English, just dictionary-based programs really give perfect results, while for Spanish rather simple programs are usually sufficient, if to neglect potentially error-prone foreign words like Shiller. Only a dictionary-based program can take into account all such considerations. The hyphenation can depend on the so-called morphemic structure of the word, for example: sub-ur-ba-no, but su-bir, or even on the origin of the word, for example: Pe-llicer, but Shil-ler. However, the best quality of hyphenation could require more detailed information about each word. It should be known which letters are vowels ( a, e, i, o, u in Spanish) or consonants ( b, c, d, f, g, etc.), and what letter combinations are inseparable (such as consonants pairs ll, rr, ch or diphthongs io, ue, ai in Spanish). Usually, the linguistic information taken for such programs is rather limited. For example, Microsoft Word has the menu item Hyphenation. The majority of the well-known text editors are supplied now with hyphenation tools. It saves paper and at the same time preserves impression of smooth reading, just as without any hyphenation. In this way, hyphenation improves the outer appearance of computer-produced texts through adjusting their right margins. For example, in Spanish one can split re-ci-bo, re-u-nir-se, dia-blo, ca-rre-te-ra, mu-cha-chas, but not in the following positions: * recib- o, * di- ablo, * car- retera, * muc- hac- has.
The wrapping can be done only at specific positions within words, which generally, though not always, are syllable boundaries. The word is thus wrapped, i.e., split and partially transferred to the next line.
When a word occurring at the end of a line is too long to fit on that line within the accepted margins, a part of it is moved to the next line. Hyphenation is intended for the proper splitting of words in natural language texts.
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